IBM 000-8697 manuali

IBM Informix OnLine

1

Database Server

1

Table of Contents

3

Chapter 2 System Architecture

5

Chapter 3 Operating OnLine

7

Chapter 6 DB-Monitor Screens

12

Chapter 7 Utilities

12

Chapter 8 OnLine Message Log

14

Chapter 9 Product Environment

14

Appendix A Notices

14

Introduction

15

In This Introduction

17

About This Manual

17

Organization of This Manual

18

Demonstration Database

19

Documentation Conventions

22

Icon Conventions

23

Command-Line Conventions

23

Sample Code Conventions

26

Additional Documentation

28

Error Message Files

29

Related Reading

33

IBM Welcomes Your Comments

34

Installation and Initial

35

Conﬁguration

35

Deﬁne Your Starting Point

40

Create a Level-0 Archive

42

Initialize Shared Memory

42

Create a New Level-0 Archive

43

OnLine Conﬁguration Files

45

Contents of tbconﬁg.std

47

# System Page Size

54

ROOTNAME

55

ROOTPATH

56

ROOTOFFSET

56

ROOTSIZE

57

MIRRORPATH

58

MIRROROFFSET

59

PHYSFILE

59

PHYSDBS is 1,000 KB

60

LOGFILES

61

Message File Guidelines

62

TAPESIZE

63

LTAPEDEV

64

LTAPEBLK

64

LTAPESIZE

65

DBSERVERNAME

66

RESIDENT

66

TRANSACTIONS

67

TBLSPACES

68

DBSPACES

69

PHYSBUFF

69

CLEANERS

70

CKPTINTVL

71

DYNSHMSZ

73

GTRID_CMP_SZ

73

DEADLOCK_TIMEOUT

73

TXTIMEOUT

73

OnLine Disk Space Allocation

74

How to Allocate Disk Space

81

Conﬁguration Checklist

84

Set configuration parameters

85

ESC to record the

86

Initialize OnLine

88

TBCONFIG

89

Shutdown

92

Errors During Initialization

93

OnLine Error Message Format

94

UNIX Error Message Format

94

System Architecture

95

System Architecture 2-3

97

System Architecture 2-5

99

In This Chapter

101

Initialization

101

Initialization Commands

102

Shared Memory Commands

103

Disk Space Commands

104

Step 2: Create Shared Memory

106

Step 5: Wake Parent Process

107

■ tbinit -i

108

■ tbinit -i -s

108

Step 5: Initialize Disk Space

110

System Architecture 2-17

111

Step 9: Set Forced Residency

112

SHMBASE

114

UNIX system might set a

114

OnLine User Processes

116

Step 1: Obtain SERVERNUM

118

(SERVERNUM * 65536) + shmkey

119

OnLine Daemon Processes

127

System Architecture 2-35

129

LRU queue

129

Buffer Share Lock

132

Buffer Update Lock

132

Buffer Exclusive Lock

133

■ Buffer locks

134

■ Latches

134

■ Timestamps

134

■ Hash tables

134

Shared-Memory Latches

135

Test-and-Set Institutions

136

Spin and Test Again

136

Semaphores

137

Forced Abort

137

OnLine Timestamps

138

System Architecture 2-45

139

Shared-Memory Header

141

Shared-Memory Internal Tables

142

OnLine Chunk Table

143

OnLine Dbspace Table

144

OnLine Latch Table

145

OnLine Lock Table

145

OnLine Page-Cleaner Table

146

OnLine Tblspace Table

146

OnLine Transaction Table

148

OnLine User Table

148

Shared-Memory Buffer Pool

149

Regular Buffers

150

Big Buffers

150

OnLine LRU Queues

151

LRU_MAX_DIRTY

153

LRU_MIN_DIRTY

153

Step 1: Identify the Data

155

Physical Log Buffer

157

Double Buffering

158

Causes of Flushing

158

Flushing a Full Buffer

159

Logical Log Buffer

160

Buffer Contents

162

OnLine Checkpoints

164

Fast Recovery

165

Archive Checkpoints

165

U-L) and frees

166

System Architecture 2-73

167

MLRU queues reaches

168

System Architecture 2-75

169

LRU write

169

Sorted Write

170

Idle Write

170

Foreground Write

171

LRU Write

171

Chunk Write

171

Writing Data to a Blobspace

172

Disk Data Structures

175

I/O is done in units of

176

BUFFSIZE in the conﬁguration

176

Blobpage

178

Dbspace and Blobspace

178

Database

179

Tblspace

179

Physical Log

180

Logical Log

180

Structure of the Root Dbspace

181

■ Unused pages

183

Structure of a Blobspace

185

OnLine Limits for Chunks

187

Reserved Pages

189

PAGE_CKPT

191

PAGE_PZERO

191

PAGE_CONFIG

191

PAGE_DBSP

193

PAGE_PCHUNK

194

PAGE_MCHUNK

195

PAGE_ARCH

196

Chunk Free-List Page

197

Tblspace Number

199

Database Tblspace

201

SQL statement

202

DATABASE

202

Allocate Disc Space

203

Track Systems Catalogs

203

OnLine Limits for Databases

204

Placement

207

Tracking

207

Structure of an Extent

208

Page Types

209

Next Extent Allocation

211

Structure of a Dbspace Page

214

Page Header

215

Timestamp

215

Slot Table

215

Data Row Format and Rowid

217

System Architecture 2-125

219

Single-Page Storage

220

Multipage Storage

221

Storage of Modiﬁed Rows

223

System Architecture 2-131

225

Structure of an Index Page

227

The Root Node Page

228

Leaf Node Pages

230

Index Key Entries

232

Branch Node Pages

235

2-Bit Bit-Mapped Pages

237

4-Bit Bit-Mapped Pages

238

Blobspace Page Types

242

Logical Log Files

248

File Rotation

249

File Contents

250

Number and Size

250

Blobspace Logging

252

Long Transactions

253

Operating OnLine

257

Operating OnLine 3-3

259

Changing Modes

262

Operating OnLine 3-7

263

DB-Monitor

263

From Ofﬂine to Quiescent

264

From Ofﬂine to Online

264

From Quiescent to Online

265

From DB-Monitor

266

From the Command Line

266

Logical Log Administration

269

Your Conﬁguration File

270

Logical Log File Backups

270

Freeing the Logical Log Files

271

Conﬁguration Parameters

272

LTAPEBLK and LTAPESIZE

273

Location of Logical Log Files

274

Preliminary Consideration

275

Logical Log File Status

282

Logical Log File ID Numbers

283

Add a Logical Log File

284

Drop a Logical Log File

286

■ End logging for a database

289

Adding Logging to a Database

290

Back Up a Logical Log File

292

Free a Logical Log File

295

DB-Monitor Force

298

Archive Administration

299

Archive Types

300

Level-0 Archive

300

Level-1 Archive

301

Level-2 Archive

301

Incremental Archive Strategy

301

Plan the Archive Schedule

303

Minimize Restore Time

304

Minimize Archive Time

305

Online Archives

305

Single Tape Drive

305

Operator Availability

306

The Archives

307

TAPEBLK and TAPESIZE

308

Preliminary Considerations

309

Create an Archive, Any Type

313

Two Tape Drives

315

One Tape Drive

316

Monitor OnLine Activity

317

Monitor Archive History

318

Monitor Blobs in a Blobspace

319

Monitor Blobs in a Dbspace

321

Monitor Buffers

322

Monitor Buffer-Pool Activity

324

Monitor Checkpoints

325

Monitor Chunks

326

Monitor Databases

330

Monitor Dbspaces

331

Monitor Disk Pages

333

Monitor Extents

334

Monitor Index Information

335

Monitor Logging Activity

336

Monitor the Message Log

338

Monitor OnLine Proﬁle

339

Monitor Tblspaces

341

Modify OnLine Conﬁguration

343

Create a Blobspace

344

Drop a Blobspace

347

Add a Chunk

350

Create a Dbspace

353

Drop a Dbspace

355

Enforce/Turn Off Residency

356

Enable Mirroring

360

Start Mirroring

361

End Mirroring

362

Things to Avoid

372

Data Consistency, Recovery

373

Consistency Checking

378

Using the tbcheck Commands

379

Using the OnLine Message Log

380

ISAM error is returned:

381

DUMPCORE

383

DUMPSHMEM

383

Recovering from Corruption

384

Mirroring

386

Beginning

387

Processing

388

Recovery

389

OnLine Logging Overview

390

Dbspace Logging

391

Operations Logging

396

Operations Rollback

396

Blob Restoration

397

Ready LTAPEDEV

399

Locate the Next Logical Log

399

Copy Blobpages

399

Place Log Header on Tape

400

Write Log Records to Tape

401

Write Trailer Page

402

Mount a Tape on TAPEDEV

403

Verify the Archive Level

404

Force a Checkpoint

404

Purpose of Data Snapshot

405

Archive Disk Pages

406

Write Tape Header Page

407

Archive Reserved Pages

408

Determine Archive Criteria

409

Write a Trailer Page

410

Update the Reserved Pages

410

Fast Recovery and Logging

412

Step 1: Checkpoint Condition

413

Verify OnLine Conﬁguration

420

Mount Level-0 Archive Tape

421

Verify Current Conﬁguration

422

Prompt for Logical Log Backup

422

Roll Forward Logical Logs

423

Database and Table Migration

424

UNLOAD/dbschema/LOAD

426

UNLOAD/dbschema/dbload

426

■ UNLOAD /dbschema /LOAD

432

■ UNLOAD /dbschema /dbload

432

Move Files

433

Using dbexport and dbimport

434

Using tbunload and tbload

435

How to Improve Performance

441

Disk Layout

444

Blobpage Average Fullness

447

Apply Effective Criteria

448

When Is Tuning Needed?

450

Bufsize Pages/IO Fields

451

Shared-Memory Buffers

453

Shared-Memory Resources

454

Log Buffer Size

455

How Is Tuning Done?

456

Page-Cleaner Parameters

457

Efﬁcient Page Cleaning

458

Checkpoint Frequency

460

How Psort Works

462

Tuning Psort

463

Psort and Shared Memory

464

DB-Monitor Screens

467

Main Menu

470

Status Menu

471

Parameters Menu

472

Dbspaces Menu

473

Mode Menu

474

Force-Ckpt Option

475

Archive Menu

476

Logical-Logs Menu

477

Utilities

479

Utilities 7-3

481

■ Lock mode

484

Destination Options

485

Contents of the Schema File

487

■ Invalid command parameters

489

Input File Location Options

490

Create Options

492

Utilities 7-15

493

ASCII ﬁles into one or

493

LOAD statement:

493

ASCII input ﬁles

493

IBM Informix

494

Utilities 7-17

495

Command-File Syntax Check

496

Starting Line Number

496

Batch Size

497

Bad-Row Limits

498

How to Create a Command File

499

Delimiter Form FILE Statement

500

■ Save the output to a ﬁle

510

Include Synonyms

511

Include Privileges

512

Option Descriptions

517

-cd and -cD Options

518

-ce Option

518

-ci and -cI Options

518

-cr Option

519

-n Option

519

-pB Option

520

-pc Option

520

-pd and -pD Options

520

-pe Option

521

-pp and -pP options

521

-pr Option

522

-pt and -pT Options

522

-q Option

523

-y Option

523

No Options

524

-i Option

524

-p Option

525

-s Option

525

DBA privilege for the

526

Specify Tape Parameters

527

Utilities 7-51

529

Log-Record Read Filters

530

-d Option

531

Log-Record Display Filters

532

Interpreting tblog Output

533

Record Types

534

Record Contents

535

Utilities 7-65

543

Change OnLine Mode

544

Switch the Logical Log File

546

Kill an OnLine Server Process

547

Kill an OnLine Transaction

547

Utilities 7-73

551

Create a Blobspace or Dbspace

552

Drop a Blobspace or Dbspace

553

Change Chunk Status

555

Utilities 7-81

559

-B Option

562

-c Option

562

-D Option

564

-F Option

565

-k Option

566

-l Option

567

-m Option

569

-o Option

569

-P Option

573

-r Option

573

-R option

573

-t Option

576

-u Option

577

-X Option

579

-z Option

580

Utilities 7-103

581

Request a Logical Log Backup

582

Start Continuous Backups

582

Create an Archive

583

Perform a Data Restore

583

Utilities 7-107

585

DB-Monitor Logical-Logs

585

OnLine Message Log

589

Alphabetized Messages

593

Product Environment

621

The OnLine Environment

623

OnLine Features

624

High Performance

624

Multimedia Support

625

Distributed Data Queries

626

Bad-Sector Mapping

626

What Is Multiple Residency?

627

How Multiple Residency Works

630

SERVERNUM

633

DBSERVER-NAME

633

Step 5: Initialize New OnLine

634

DATABASE stores5@italy

636

BEGIN WORK

636

COMMIT WORK

636

Product Environment 9-19

639

Protocol Components

640

Example Transaction Commit

641

Example Transaction Rollback

642

Coordinator Recovery

643

SQLEXEC to

644

Participant Recovery

646

Product Environment 9-27

647

TXTIMEOUT. When

647

Presumed-Abort Optimization

649

Product Environment 9-31

651

Product Environment 9-33

653

Figure 9-8

653

Product Environment 9-35

655

Figure 9-9

655

Heuristic Rollback

656

Heuristic End-Transaction

660

Product Environment 9-43

663

IBM Informix STAR

664

TABLOCKS

665

ENDTRANS

665

Transaction Commit Records

666

Heuristic Rollback Records

668

Product Environment 9-53

673

HEURTX recordassociated with

674

Example Manual Recovery

675

DEADLOCK TIMEOUT

677

TXTIME-OUT

678

Tracking a Global Transaction

679

Transaction address Field

679

Transaction ﬂag Field

680

Transaction user Field

681

Transaction locks Field

681

Transaction log begin

681

Transaction isolation Field

682

Transaction retries Field

682

Transaction coordinator Field

682

Appendix

683

Notices A-3

685

COPYRIGHT LICENSE:

685

Trademarks

686

Index 11

697

Index 13

699

Index 15

701

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IBM 000-8697 manuali

Ibm 000-8697 Manuale Utente (702 pagine)

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